Archive for the ‘ Conference Articles ’ Category

Clarifying the “Progress” Of Progress Indicators

Abstract:

In Web surveys, progress indicators inform respondents of their progress, using a variety of design approaches. A graphic-based method usually involves the image of a progress bar, while a text-based method involves using simple text (often percent completed).  Sometimes a combination of graphic- and text-based designs is used (see Couper, Traugott, & Lamias, 2001; Heerwegh & Loosveldt, 2006). Progress indicators can also be displayed on every screen or intermittently, or at the respondents’ request (see Conrad et al., 2005).  The main argument for using a progress indicator is that it motivates respondents to complete the survey by making the end of the survey appear visibly nearer with every question answered. Read more

Produce Food Safety in the Marketing Channel and the American Consumer

Abstract:

Publicity surrounding recent outbreaks of food-borne illness has raised concern among American consumers about the microbial safety of produce delivered through food marketing channels. In 2006 an E. coli outbreak was traced to spinach, resulting in millions of dollars in losses for the produce industry; in early 2008 a large salmonella scare linked to tomatoes also dampened industry profits. To investigate the effects of these concerns, a large random survey of American consumers from the Gallup Panel was performed in October 2008 to investigate the extent to which consumers were concerned about the microbial safety of produce and how they coped with those concerns in the food marketing channel. Read more

The Role of Survey Response Timing on Web Survey Results: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Analyses

Abstract:

Decreasing survey response rates are a growing concern in survey research, principally because survey estimates may be biased by selective nonresponse (Kypri, Stephenson, & Langley, 2004). One of the methods of assessing nonresponse bias is to compare those who respond late to a survey with those who respond early, in terms of the topic of interest. In this paper, we draw upon data obtained from multiple panel surveys conducted by the Gallup Panel in order to examine whether early, intermediate, and late respondents differ significantly – either in terms of demographics or in terms of the answers that they provide to survey questions. Read more

Effects of Incentives, Advance Letters, and Telephone Follow-up in RDD Recruitment for a Consumer Research Panel

Abstract:

Survey response rates have been declining over the last several decades, particularly for random-digit-dial (RDD) telephone surveys (see de Leeuw, et al., 2002; Steeh, 1981). This trend affects research panels such as the Gallup Panel, which uses RDD methodology to recruit its members. If significant improvements in panel recruitment response rates are to be achieved, new approaches must be considered. This paper presents the findings of an experiment conducted by the Gallup Panel to analyze the individual and combined effects of incentives, advance letters, and follow-up telephone calls on the panel recruitment response rate. Read more

Response Patterns in a Long Question Grid in a Mail Survey Questionnaire

Abstract:

In mail surveys, researchers often face the challenge of too little space in the questionnaire for the number of questions they wish to administer. Oftentimes certain structuring methods are used in order to maximize the data gathering efficiency of a given set of questions. One such method involves using a grid format in which two or more questions with the same response options are grouped together in a ‘grid’ of rows and columns. In this way, the response options are not repeated for every question in the grid, which minimizes not only the use of space in the questionnaire, but also respondent’s burden of comprehending new scale for each question in the grid. Read more

My Cell Phone’s Ringing, Caller Unknown, Now What? Usage Behavior Patterns Among Recent Landline Cord Cutters Who Have Become Cell Phone-Only Users

Abstract:

A growing number of Americans are considering cutting their landline telephone cords in favor of becoming cell phone-only. To date, survey researchers have begun to understand that cell phone-only users tend to be “heavy users” of cell phones compared with those who have both landlines and cell phones. Recent studies on cell phones (either in conjunction with/without a landline phone) have explored behaviors such as types of plans (individual/family), type of usage (sharing,/personal) and frequency of usage (most/some calls, emergency calls). Read more

R U in the Network? Using Provider Internet Resources as Screeners for Working Cell Phone Status

Abstract:

The proliferation of cell phone (CP) usage in the U.S. has forced many survey researchers to include supplementary samples of CP numbers to protect against potential undercoverage errors now encountered with standard landline (LL) sampling designs.   However, even though CP usage continues to rise, the national hit rate from CP number banks (hovering around 60%) is only slightly higher than the LL analog. Even with this moderate hit rate, inefficiencies in CP designs exist, especially for those that screen for cell phone only (CPO) users. Read more

Mode, Measurement, and Mayhem: A Closer Look at Measurement Error in a Mixed Mode Study

Abstract:

The Gallup Panel recruits members randomly using Random Digit Dial (RDD) methodology and assigns members to receive surveys either through the mail or web. Since both of these modes are self-administered, there is no interviewer to motivate respondents to answer carefully. The only communication of the researcher with the respondents is through the instructions, question wording, and design. The Gallup Panel surveys often include many long lists of questions that use the same response options. When respondents answer long batteries of questions such as these, they may be more likely to change their response patterns towards the end of the battery as they become fatigued, resulting in measurement error. Read more

A New Hue of the Cell Phone-Only Landscape: Demographic Characteristics of Landline Cord Cutters New to “Cell Phone-Only”

Abstract:

A growing number of Americans with diverse telephone service histories are considering giving up their household landline phone access and planning to use cell phones exclusively. While previous studies on cell phone-only individuals have documented consistent trends in demographics such as in age (younger), place (urban), residency ownership (rent) and income (lower), little is known about the demographics of those who are cutting the landline telephone cord in favor of cell phone-only status. Read more

“I Just Switched” – Who is switching from a landline phone household to cell phone-only household?

Abstract:

In recent years, there has been an increase in the proportion of U.S. households that use cell phones exclusively or extensively. This trend presents a challenge to consumer research panels such as The Gallup Panel that use random digit dialing (RDD) methodology to contact U.S. households at random by landline phone in order to represent the entire U.S. population with their research. Included in this trend is a growing percentage of Americans who are considering giving up their landline phone access at home and planning to use cell phones exclusively. Read more